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Peru Geography
The third largest country in South America Peru covers an expanse of 1,285,215 sq. km., and can be divided into three distinct geographic regions. The best known of these is the central high sierra of the Andes, with its massive peaks, steep canyons, and extraordinary pre Columbian archaeological sites. The Andes are still one of the world's most unstable mountain ranges, with frequent earthquakes, landslides, and flash floods. Despite such instability, the Andes are also the site of the most fascinating pre-Columbian cities of South America-like the great city of the clouds, Machu Picchu.
The
Andes are by no means the only region to visit in Peru. Also of great
interest is Peru's narrow, lowland coastal region, a northern extension of
the Atacama Desert. Although the Atacama is generally known as the most arid
region on the planet, the climate along Peru's shores is made cooler and
less dry by La Garuùa, a dense fog created by the collision of the
frigid waters of the Humboldt Current with the heated sands of the Atacama.
Lima, Trujillo, and Chiclayo, three of Peru's major population centers, are
located along this coastal desert.
Peru's third great region is the dense forest that
surrounds the headwaters of the Amazon beneath the eastern slopes of the
Andes. This part of the country is so inaccessible that only the most
adventurous and intrepid travelers should attempt to penetrate its
mysterious emerald depths. In fact, the region's capital of Iquitos, a city
of 400,000, is accessible only by air or by boat up the Amazon.
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